Economical importance of bryophytes

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ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES Mosses and Bryophytes are the first organiasms to colonise rocks. They colonise rock by acidic secretion. This acidic secretion is due to the death of mosses. When the rock is decomposed it helps in soil formation. Therefore New soils are formed. The soil act as binders.  It prevent soil erosion. The water retention capacity of the soil is high ie, water holding capacity of the soil is high.  This reduces surface water run-off which prevent soil erosion. Bryophyte helps in the recycling of nutrients. ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES. 1) SPHAGNUM Sphagnum has high absorptive power with antiseptic property. This can be used to replace cotton in bandages. 2) MERCHANTIA   Mercahntia cures pulmonary tuberculosisand affliction (pain) in liver. Antibiotic substances are also extracted from bryophytes. it also acts as antiseptic, and as preservative POLYTRICHUM Polytrichum dissolove stone in kidney and in gall bladder. 3) IN RESEARCH It is used in the fie
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Bryophytes introduction

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BRYOPHYTES



-ARE CALLED AMPHIBIANS OF PLANT KINGDOM
-Have jacketed sex organ
-Rhizoids are present 
-non vascular in nature
-Leafy structure develop in higher group
-have differentiated body design 
 - no specialised tissue for conduction of water.
- example 
funeraria and merchantia

ADOPTATION TO LAND HABITAT

1) DEVELOPMENT OF ORGAN FOR        ATTACHMENT AND ABSORPTION OF WATER  

Bryophytes don't grows on water as like algae.
They grows on land.
Hence, Rhizoids develop.
Rhizoids function as absorbing and attaching organ.

(Absorb nutrients, remain attached to the plant)

2) protection against desiccation
 Thick compact multicellular thallus covers with epidermis 




1)As they are in compact form, the total surface area of bryophytes reduces proportionately as per the volume.

Their surface area decreases, hence transpiration also decreases/reduced.


2) epidermis protect from drying effect of air reduces effect of desiccation.



Desiccation- leaf dries up.
                       Leaf get shrinked.

3) They have a waxy substance over surface called cutin


 this waxy substance is waterproof 
 this reduces the water loss 
 example : liverworts.




In many liverworts pores are present, also called air pores.

These pores facilitate gaseous exchange; between atmosphere and interior of the thallus.

4) protection of sex organ from injury
Sex organ are - multicellular 
                         - jacketed

Sterile cells encloses the sperm and egg. (Jacket format)
It depicts adaptation to life on land.

Archegonium ensure :-
-protection against mechanical injury.
-give nourishment to fertilised cell.

 fertilised cell (embryo) remain inside archegonium (embryo sac).
So, it becomes conducive/easy for fertilised cell to obtain nutrition, food and water from archegonium.

Nucellus:-
- is female gametophyte.
- surround and protect the embryo.
- formed by double fusion 
- usually diploid.

Endosperm:-
- surround and give nutrients to embryo
- formed by triple fusion
- usually triploid

BRYOPHYTES CLASSIFICATION

EICHER (1883) termed as 'BRYOPHYES'.

BRYOPHYES is divided into two types
1) hepaticeae

It is again sub-divided to 3 types.

            i) merchantiophyta
           ii) jungermanniales
          iii) anthocerotales

2) mucci or mosses

Mucci also sub-divided to 3 types
         i)sphagnales
        ii) andreales
       iii) brayles

2) ROTHMALER CLASSIFICATION 

 Rothmaler (1951)

 He divided bryophytes into 3 category

1) hepaticopsida (liverworts)
2) anthocerotopsida (hornworts)
3) bryopsida (mosses)





           

All the best 😀

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