Economical importance of bryophytes

-
ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES Mosses and Bryophytes are the first organiasms to colonise rocks. They colonise rock by acidic secretion. This acidic secretion is due to the death of mosses. When the rock is decomposed it helps in soil formation. Therefore New soils are formed. The soil act as binders.  It prevent soil erosion. The water retention capacity of the soil is high ie, water holding capacity of the soil is high.  This reduces surface water run-off which prevent soil erosion. Bryophyte helps in the recycling of nutrients. ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES. 1) SPHAGNUM Sphagnum has high absorptive power with antiseptic property. This can be used to replace cotton in bandages. 2) MERCHANTIA   Mercahntia cures pulmonary tuberculosisand affliction (pain) in liver. Antibiotic substances are also extracted from bryophytes. it also acts as antiseptic, and as preservative POLYTRICHUM Polytrichum dissolove stone in kidney and in gall bladder. 3) IN RESEARCH It is u...
1 comment

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE, notes

-
Economic importance of algae


Human use algae as food, Biofertiliser, for water treatment, to improve environmental quality, in space technology and as a research tools in laboratory. Algae are commercially cultivated for pharmaceutical, too, cosmetics and aquaculture purposes. 

Algae have both  

1) Used or Harmful importance
2) Harmful or Negative importance

USEFUL OR POSITIVE IMPORTANCE
      Algae have some useful importance as follows

a) Algae as food
Algae( chlorophyll) ~>photosynthesis-> food+oxygen


    Algae contains a high amount of simple and complex carbohydrates, which provides the body with a source of additional fuels. The sulphated complex carbohydrates is thought to be enhance the immune system. Also it contain essential fatty acids Which helps in the production of energy. It is used as a food from ancient. 
     Porphyra, Alaria, Ulva, chlorella, Chondrus, codium are some genera which are used as food in various forms. 
-Porphyra~ it's a red algae, rich in proteins (30-35%) and carbohydrates (40-45%) , a source of vitamin B, C, a comma food source in Japan, China , Britain ( sloke) . In Japan more than 30 million kg of porphyra is used as food. 

    Food obtained from Laminaria sacchaeina is known as Kombu. rich in carbohydrates 57%) , some red algae such as Gelidium and Gracillaria use in ice cream and jelly. 

    Chlorella is more useful than porphyra in terms of its nutritive value, higher producers of lipids and protein, it   contains about 30% protein, 30%carbohydrate and 15% lipids, it's used in space flites and nuclear submarine as for and recycling of oxygen. Now a days research on Spirulina has been carried out on the useful of Spirulina as a supply to diet in the form of power as tablets. It also contra vitamins anything unsaturated fatty acids. 
                Codium, Monostroma, and Ulva are some other algae used as food, special of codium and ulva are used as salads and monostroma is as a comma food called anori in Japan. 

ALGAE AS FODDER ( Animal food) 


      In coastal areas seaweed such as Fucus, Laminaria, Sargassum,Ascophyllum are used as fodder, it's used as fodder to enhance vitamin and micronutrients in pet animals  to enhance higher fat  content in their milk. 
    Though algae are primary producers they indirectly provide food for humans through food chain. Many fresh water and murine algae depends upon them for their food. 


2.ALGAE AS MINERALS


      Brown algae are rich in soda, potash, iodine,and alginic acids. Ash of dry Kelpes is a source of soda, is also rich in iodine. About 7% all over the world iodine is obtain from Japan. 
    Bromine is obtained from some red alert Polysiphonia and Rhodymenia. Many important minerals like copper, iron, zinc, coma, vanadium, manganese, boron and chromium are present in high proportions. Hence it is used as stock feed and biofertiliser. 

3. ALGAE AS BIOFERTILISER


     Terrestrial algae play an important role in soils biology. BGA have the capabilities to fixing atmospheric nitrogen, BGA and Azolla is the Main source of algal biofertiliser in asia. Paddy yield can be enhance by 30%with the use of BGA in rice fields. Larger brown and red algae are use as  organic  manure. The problems of  biofertiliser can be solved by the use of BGA with red and brown algae. 
                 Algae also effect the soil fertility indirectly, as they serve as the source of C, N and organic and inorganic ions which is indirectly used by crop plants. 
    BGA Also used in reclamation (conversation of waste land to productive land) of salon and alkaline soils. The algae decrease the ph , heavy metals and algae increase the minerals in the soil. So, the field will fertile and cultivable land. 



All the best..... 😄😄😄😄
   

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

what is Haplodiplontic life cycle ( triphasic)

-
Image
Triphasic life cycle.       In triphasic life cycle there is a succession of there generation ie may be two haploid generations and one diploid generation or one haploid generation with two diploid generations.it is of following types ie ,   I.Haplobiontic type ( 2 haploid + 1 diploid)         In some rhodophyceae like Batrachospermum two well developed haploid phase are present and the diploid phase is represented by only zygote.                 The haploid plant body bears sex organs ( spermatogonia, carpogonia ) haploid gametes ( sperm and egg)  are formed in these sex organs,a diploid zygote is formed by the fusion of two gametes.the nucleus of the zygote divides meiotically to form four haploid carpogonia ,  they later develop into carposporophyte  generation ( a haploid generation) . the carposporophyte bears carpospores , after liberation carpospores ar...
Read more

Cell structure and cell wall of algae notes

-
Image
CELL STRUCTURE  CELL WALL FLAGELLA CELL STRUCTURE   On the basis of their organization algal cell maybe differentiate into prokaryotic, mesokaryotic, and Eukaryotic. Prokaryotic are primitive found in Cyanophycean algae characterised by absence of membrane bound organelles, absence of basic protein called histones in DNA.                A Eukaryotic cell have a well organized nucleus and membrane bound organelles.                Mesokaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane and chromosomes(Eukaryotic characters), basic proteins are absent and nucleus division like prokaryotic type (prokaryotic characters). Fou8 in members of Dynophyceae.  1.CELL WALL       Most of the non motile unicellular and multicellular algae possess a typical cellulosic cell wall of non living matter out side the cytoplasmic membrane. It composed of pure or mixed carbohydrate ( cellulose, mucilage, ...
Read more

Economical importance of bryophytes

-
ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES Mosses and Bryophytes are the first organiasms to colonise rocks. They colonise rock by acidic secretion. This acidic secretion is due to the death of mosses. When the rock is decomposed it helps in soil formation. Therefore New soils are formed. The soil act as binders.  It prevent soil erosion. The water retention capacity of the soil is high ie, water holding capacity of the soil is high.  This reduces surface water run-off which prevent soil erosion. Bryophyte helps in the recycling of nutrients. ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES. 1) SPHAGNUM Sphagnum has high absorptive power with antiseptic property. This can be used to replace cotton in bandages. 2) MERCHANTIA   Mercahntia cures pulmonary tuberculosisand affliction (pain) in liver. Antibiotic substances are also extracted from bryophytes. it also acts as antiseptic, and as preservative POLYTRICHUM Polytrichum dissolove stone in kidney and in gall bladder. 3) IN RESEARCH It is u...
Read more