Economical importance of bryophytes

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ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES Mosses and Bryophytes are the first organiasms to colonise rocks. They colonise rock by acidic secretion. This acidic secretion is due to the death of mosses. When the rock is decomposed it helps in soil formation. Therefore New soils are formed. The soil act as binders.  It prevent soil erosion. The water retention capacity of the soil is high ie, water holding capacity of the soil is high.  This reduces surface water run-off which prevent soil erosion. Bryophyte helps in the recycling of nutrients. ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES. 1) SPHAGNUM Sphagnum has high absorptive power with antiseptic property. This can be used to replace cotton in bandages. 2) MERCHANTIA   Mercahntia cures pulmonary tuberculosisand affliction (pain) in liver. Antibiotic substances are also extracted from bryophytes. it also acts as antiseptic, and as preservative POLYTRICHUM Polytrichum dissolove stone in kidney and in gall bladder. 3) IN RESEARCH It is used in the fie
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History of enzyme discovery

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Enzyme

   Enzyme means leavened ( in Greek  en- in ,zyme- leaven) .it was originally meant for the formation in east, which was used for the production of ethanol from sugar, but it was now used for all the biological catalyst so, enzymes are the catalyst of biological system.

The first enzyme discovered- diastage
Discovered in 1833  by Anselme Payen and Jean Francois at Sugar factory.

History

   In mid in nineteenth  century Louis Pasteur concluded that the conversation of sugar into alcohol by yeast cell was catalized by ferments . He however, was of the opinion that ferments were functional only in the living cells.in the year 1897 ,E Buchner observed that yeast extract could catalized formentation , this discovery completely discarded the Louis Pasteur theory and demonstrated that fermentation principles could be present outside the cell.F.W Kuhne called these ferments as enzyme.

   Another important breakthrough came from James Summer's isolation and crystallization of the urease in 1926. He found that a crystal of enzyme urease was entirely protein.
    During that period the knowledge of enzyme expanded fast led to the development of our better understanding of 3D structures of the enzymes ie., localisation of the active sites and mechanism of the enzymes action etc.

      In 1980s Tom Cech and Sidney Altman showed that the presence of catalytic activities of the RNAs and termed them, ribozymes and later DNAs were found to be possessed catalytic activities and termed them DNA- enzyme.

All the best....
     

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