Economical importance of bryophytes

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ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES Mosses and Bryophytes are the first organiasms to colonise rocks. They colonise rock by acidic secretion. This acidic secretion is due to the death of mosses. When the rock is decomposed it helps in soil formation. Therefore New soils are formed. The soil act as binders.  It prevent soil erosion. The water retention capacity of the soil is high ie, water holding capacity of the soil is high.  This reduces surface water run-off which prevent soil erosion. Bryophyte helps in the recycling of nutrients. ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES. 1) SPHAGNUM Sphagnum has high absorptive power with antiseptic property. This can be used to replace cotton in bandages. 2) MERCHANTIA   Mercahntia cures pulmonary tuberculosisand affliction (pain) in liver. Antibiotic substances are also extracted from bryophytes. it also acts as antiseptic, and as preservative POLYTRICHUM Polytrichum dissolove stone in kidney and in gall bladder. 3) IN RESEARCH It is used in the fie
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mycology

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Nutrition.

Essential requirement for growth of fungi are 
carbon 
oxygen 
hydrogen 
nitrogen 
phosphorus 
magnesium 
sodium 
manganese 
copper 
molybdenum 
ferrous 
These above are reffered as macronutrients.

Mode of nutrition.

1)Saprophytic

They feed on dead and decaying  organic matter.
ie,rotten vegetable, moist bread.
Example- Rhizopus, penicillium, agaricus.

2) Parasitic fungi.

They grows on tissues of host animal. these host animal are living in nature. 
Ectoparasite- mycellia outside.
Endoparasites- mycelia embedded in tissue.

Obligate parasites

They live on living cells 
ex - puccinnia, melanospores.

Facultative parasite 

~live in inactive form
~opportunistic in nature 
If get a chance, it enter into host and make disease .
Ex - mycellium.

Localised fungi.

Ex -Puccinnia, cause disease in wheat.

Systemic fungus.

Ex - Vistilage, cause smut disease.

3) Symbiotic fungi.

Ex- lichens
Fungi and algae.
Fungi give nutrients and water ( raw material)
Algae do photosynthesis of the raw material and make product.
This product is shared mutually for survival.

Mycorrhizae

Fungi and plants.
Fungi live in root nodules and help plant in its nutrition enrichment process.
Two types
Ectomycorrhiza - outside the root.
Endomycorrhiza - fungi remains inside the root and help plants.

Predacious fungi 

Can capture small insects & rodents such as protozoa and rotifers.
E.g, Anthropotrais.
        Dactylaria.




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